Clinical studies have shown that nonsurgical treatment is a highly effective method of periodontal therapy. It can be instituted in both shallow and deep pockets; however, an objective evaluation of post-scaling soft tissue changes should be recorded to determine the response to therapy. Closed scaling and root planing has limitations as a definitive procedure for the removal of calculus from deep pockets and surgical treatment may be indicated for nonresponding sites. The condition of the tissue, not the probing depth, should dictate the course of action. During maintenance therapy all practitioners should recognize unsuccessfully treated or recurrent periodontitis and provide interceptive treatment to avoid a case of "supervised neglect." Periodontal treatments should be provided by the general practitioner. This can result in improved oral health for the patients and constitute a professionally rewarding part of dental practice.