The Journal of the American Dental Association
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J Am Dent Assoc, Vol 116, No 4, 514-520.
© 1988 American Dental Association
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Journal of the American Dental Association, Vol 116, Issue 4, 514-520
Copyright © 1988 by American Dental Association

Journal Article

Masticatory muscle hyperactivity in temporomandibular disorders: is it an extrapyramidally expressed disorder?



GJ Nishioka and MT Montgomery
Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7914.

Masticatory muscle hyperactivity appears to have an important role in temporomandibular disorders. A pathophysiological model for masticatory muscle hyperactivity is proposed that is centrally mediated, yet maintains support for present peripheral causes and therapies. In this hypothesis, masticatory muscle hyperactivity represents a mild extrapyramidal disorder distantly related to orofacial dyskinesias. Experimental evidence suggests a neurotransmitter imbalance in the basal ganglia, involving dopaminergic preponderance, or cholinergic and GABA-nergic hypofunction as the underlying cause.




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