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J Am Dent Assoc, Vol 129, No 7, 851-858.
© 1998 American Dental Association
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COVER STORY

The Role of the Oral Environment in HIV-1 Transmission



DIANE C. SHUGARS, D.D.S., M.P.H., PH.D. and SHARON M. WAHL, PH.D.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, or HIV-1, is infrequently transmitted through the mouth, unlike other mucosal sites. Factors such as low salivary viral titers, low numbers of CD4-positive target cells, anti-HIV antibodies and endogenous salivary antiviral factors work in concert to protect oral tissues from infection and reduce the risk of viral transmission through salivary secretions. This review summarizes the various factors thought to influence oral transmission of HIV-1, focusing on the mucosal protein secretory leuko-cyte protease inhibitor, or SLPI.




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