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J Am Dent Assoc, Vol 140, No 1, 68-72. © 2009 American Dental Association

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JADA Continuing Education

A clinical evaluation

Background. The authors used a split-mouth design to determine the effectiveness of a refrigerant compared with that of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced during a posterior palatal anesthetic injection.

Methods. Sixteen participants received a five-second application of a refrigerant (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane/1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and a two-minute application of a topical anesthetic gel (20 percent benzocaine gel) in the posterior palatal area before an injection of a local anesthetic solution was administered with a 30-gauge needle. Participants rated the pain they experienced after each injection by using a 100-millimeter visual analog scale (VAS) with endpoints of "no pain" and "worst possible pain." The authors calculated VAS scores by measuring the distance in millimeters from the no pain end of the scale. They analyzed data with a paired t test ( = .05).

Results. The group receiving the refrigerant had a mean VAS score of 17.7 ± 15.3 mm, and the group receiving the topical anesthetic gel had a VAS score of 26.2 ± 18.0 mm. The use of the refrigerant compared with the use of topical anesthetic gel significantly reduced the pain experienced during administration of local anesthetic injections (P = .02).

Conclusions. The use of a refrigerant as a preinjection anesthetic was more effective compared with the use of a topical anesthetic gel in reducing the pain experienced by participants who received a posterior palatal injection.

Clinical Implications. The potential benefits of using a refrigerant rather than a topical anesthetic gel are pain reduction, decreased application time, ease of application and avoidance of displeasing taste.

Key Words: Pain measurement; palate; anesthetics; local anesthetics; topical anesthetics

Abbreviations: VAS: Visual analog scale.

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				L. Ernstgard, M. Andersen, W. Dekant, B. Sjogren, and G. Johanson Experimental Exposure to 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa): Uptake and Disposition in Humans Toxicol. Sci., February 1, 2010; 113(2): 326 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]