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Background. During the last 150 years, dentistry in the United States faced many challenges as it developed its scientific foundation. In the latter part of the 19th century, clinical practice was driven by empirical evidence, and the first few decades of the 20th century set the stage for America’s scientific evolution of dentistry.

Conclusions. Seminal developments in America’s contribution to science in dentistry and oral health included the 1926 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching report and the vision of William J. Gies; the development of scientific dental journals; the role of immigrant dental scientists from Europe and oral biology as a discipline; and the establishment of the National Institute of Dental Research in 1948.

Clinical Implications. Due in large part to America’s contribution to dental science and practice, we are at the brink of a transformation that may expand the role of the dental profession dramatically and improve the oral health of people throughout the world.

Key Words: Dental science; dental practice; history of dental science

Abbreviations: FDI: Fédération Dentaire Internationale • IADR: International Association for Dental Research • JADA: The Journal of the American Dental Association • JDR: Journal of Dental Research • NDA: National Dental Association • NIDCR: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research • NIDR: National Institute of Dental Research • NIH: National Institutes of Health • NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology • PRC: Paffenbarger Research Center

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				B. L. Pihlstrom Highlights of America's Scientific Contributions to Dentistry: 150 Years and Still Counting J Am Dent Assoc, September 1, 2009; 140(suppl_1): 4S - 6S. [Full Text] [PDF]