A three-year study was made of the effectiveness of a behavior-based program of oral hygiene for schoolchildresn. The primary focus of the program was a daily "brush-in," managed by teachers and parent volunteers. Emphasis was placed on plaque removal in lieu of conceptual-informational content, and the role of consultants was to maintain the behavior of participants through occasional visitation and evaluation. Analysis suggested that the program was economical and effective when judged on the basis of typical oral hygiene measures. Findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between knowledge and behavior, and efficient use of professional time.